Course Content#
Introduction to the Course#
What is Linux#
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Linux Development: Unix→Mac→Windows→Linux
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Typical Linux Distributions: Ubuntu, RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux), CentOS (Red Hat's Guinea Pig), Suse
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PS: deepin is based on Debian
- What is it? Why use it?
Basic Linux Usage#
- How to use: Learning methods, common patterns
- How to look up: man pages, tldr-Github (Open source, concise)
man + [command to look up]
- File and directory operations, system information retrieval, software configuration, system optimization
- ⭐Using Linux for programming, development, and server setup
Common Commands#
- 50+
Deleting the database and running away: rm -rf /*
Shell Programming#
- What is a script, analogous to a movie script
- Essential difference from C programs: C deals with data, while Shell combines many processes together
- Compared to scripting language Python, Shell is a built-in interface in Linux, directly connected and callable
- Mastering: Variables, input/output, branching, looping, ⭐arrays
Introduction to Operating Systems#
What is an Operating System#
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The interface between users and computers, and between computer hardware and other software, like a butler
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Linux System: The kernel is the abbreviation for all operating systems based on Linux
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Overall architecture
- Hardware level (visible and tangible)
- Kernel level (file subsystem, process control subsystem, etc.)
- User level (C language library, etc.)
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History of Linux#
【Operating Systems】
- 1941: The first computer was created
- 1965: Multics, a large and comprehensive system, developed by several major companies' laboratories
- 1969: Unics, created by Ken Thompson (evolved from Multics for gaming purposes)
- 1973: C language, rewritten Unix by Dennis Ritchie
- 1984: Minix, created by Tanenbaum
- 1991: Linux, Git, ⭐Linus Torvalds (for gaming purposes, during his third year of college)
- Tanenbaum and Torvalds still interact frequently
- Size of Linux kernel code: 100,000 lines (1993) 👉 27.8 million lines (2020)
- Linux design principle: Satisfy a portion of users, different systems have different user preferences [Open source]
- Linux/Unix's share in the domestic server operating system market: 86%, 2016
- Windows servers are commonly used in state-owned enterprises and institutions, with code and systems that may have been patched together decades ago, as long as they are stable, they dare not make changes
[Hardware Development]
- Vacuum tube era 1950s
- Transistor era 1960s
- Small and medium-scale integrated circuits 1960s, 70s
- Large-scale and very large-scale integrated circuits 1970s to present
[Languages]
- C→C++→Python→Java→Go
- Python surprisingly predates Java
Why Learn Linux#
- Not necessarily taught in college, but a bonus point
- Reading and studying the Linux kernel source code, learning from the masters' thinking [data structures, design patterns]
- The rich command set in the Linux ecosystem makes tasks easier compared to Windows
- For example, batch processing files, analyzing data, Windows may require writing scripts or finding software
- Current mainstream computer positions and technologies are based on Linux
The Feud between Windows and Mac#
[Windows] Microsoft#
- Background: Gates' mother was an executive at IBM. Microsoft's DOS system was bundled and pre-installed on IBM-PC, but the launch of this system involved deception
- Highlights: Excel surpassed Lotus, IE defeated Netscape, released the most failed Vista, acquired GitHub
[Mac] Apple#
- Background: Steve Jobs
- Highlights: Steve Jobs was ousted and then returned, iMac, iPod, iPhone, market value surpassed Microsoft in 10 years, brand premium comes from quality
Connection#
- Inspiration came from Alto developed by Xerox Corporation - had a hard drive, display, graphical user interface, Ethernet, etc.
- Jobs discovered Alto first, asked Gates for help in developing Macintosh, while Gates was also developing Windows
- In 1984, Macintosh was released and became popular worldwide; in 1985, Windows 1.0 was released, which was very similar to Macintosh, and Jobs accused Gates of copying Apple's ideas
- The feud began
Additional Knowledge Points#
- Uses of cloud servers: setting up blogs, image hosting, writing services, etc.
- Knowledge of databases is required: MySQL 必知必会.pdf, Redis key-value store database [Redis Command Reference]
Points to Ponder#
Tips#
- 【Recommended Books】
- 鸟哥的 Linux 私房菜 (The Linux Private Kitchen of Bird Brother) → verbose but detailed, suitable for beginners
- ⭐apue [UNIX 高级编程] (Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment) extraction code: df8j → suitable for non-beginners
- Avoid negative self-suggestions: Can I do it?
- Traits of a good student: loves tinkering, perseveres...
- The invention of routers came from university professors who couldn't communicate with each other due to being in different schools, see The Most Tragic Founder: Although He Invented the Router, He Missed Out on Billions of Dollars Due to Lack of Funding
- The purpose of operations development and test development is to eliminate operations and testing
- Operations belong to sunset positions👈 with the popularity of cloud servers, there are people to maintain them